heart diseases

Endocarditis is inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart, especially the heart valves. It is usually caused by an infection in another part of the body that spreads through the blood until it reaches the heart and can therefore also be known as infective endocarditis. Because it is often caused by bacteria, endocarditis is usually treated with the use of antibiotics administered directly into the vein

Cor pulmonale corresponds to a change in the right ventricle due to lung disease. The right ventricle is a structure belonging to the cardiovascular system responsible for transporting blood from the heart to the lungs and can, due to lung diseases, mainly to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), suffer structural and therefore functional changes

The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the calculation of waist and hip measurements to check a person's risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is because the higher the concentration of abdominal fat, the greater the risk of having problems like high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure or atherosclerosis

Keeping good cholesterol levels, also called HDL, above 60 mg / dL is important to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke and stroke, because even when bad cholesterol is at normal levels, have cholesterol increases the risk of these complications. Thus, to raise HDL cholesterol levels in the blood, 4 important strategies are: 1

Bacterial endocarditis is an inflammation that affects the internal structures of the heart, such as valves and tissue that lines the heart, due to the presence of bacteria or fungi that reach the heart through the bloodstream. The use of injectable drugs, mouth or tongue piercing, or dental treatment without prior antibiotic therapy may increase the chance of bacterial endocarditis

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), also known as infarction or heart attack, is a disruption of blood flow to the heart, which causes the death of heart cells and causes symptoms such as chest pain that can radiate to the arm. The main cause of the infarction is the accumulation of fat inside the vessels, often resulting from unhealthy habits, a diet rich in fat and cholesterol and poor in fruits and vegetables, as well as sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating suddenly or starts beating very slowly and insufficiently due to heart disease, respiratory failure or electric shock, for example. Before cardiac arrest the person may feel strong chest pain, shortness of breath, pain or tingling in the left arm and strong palpitations, for example

Angina pectoris, or angina, corresponds to the feeling of heaviness, pain or tightness in the chest that is usually caused when there is a cardiac ischemia, that is, a decrease in blood flow through the arteries that carry oxygen to the heart. Learn how to identify and treat cardiac ischemia. Most of the time, cardiac ischemia is caused by the accumulation of fat plaques in the coronary arteries, called atherosclerosis, that are formed throughout the years of life, especially in people with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or decompensated diabetes

Serious heart disease occurs when the heart begins to lose its functional capacity due to some disease or congenital abnormality. Severe cardiopathies can be classified into: Chronic severe cardiomyopathy , which is characterized by progressive loss of the heart's functional capacity; Severe acute cardiomyopathy , which has a rapid evolution, leading to a sudden decrease in heart functions; Severe terminal heart disease , in which the heart can not adequately perform its functions, decreasing the person's life expectancy

Palpitations arise when you can feel your own heartbeat for a few seconds or minutes and are usually not related to health problems, and are only caused by too much stress, use of medication, or exercise. However, if the heart palpitations occur frequently, present with an irregular rhythm or are associated with other symptoms such as dizziness or tightness in the chest, it is recommended to consult a cardiologist to evaluate the existence of a cardiac problem such as arrhythmia or atrial fibrillation, and initiate appropriate treatment

Cardiac ischemia or myocardial ischemia is characterized by decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries, which are vessels that carry blood to the heart. It is usually caused by the presence of fat plaques inside it, which when not properly treated can rupture and clog the vessel, causing pain and increasing the chances of a heart attack

Vasovagal syncope, also known as vasovagal syndrome, reflex syncope or neuromedial syncope, is a sudden and transient loss of consciousness, caused by a brief reduction of blood flow to the brain. This is the most common cause of syncope, also called common fainting, and occurs when there is a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate by inappropriate stimulation of the vagus nerve, a nerve that extends from the brain to the stomach, and is very important to regulate various vital functions

Cardiac arrhythmia has a cure but should be treated as soon as the first symptoms appear to prevent possible complications caused by the disease, such as heart attack, stroke, cardiogenic shock and death. See when the arrhythmia can be serious. The treatment of cardiac arrhythmia will depend on the severity of the symptoms, whether or not the association with other heart diseases and type of arrhythmia, which may be: Benign arrhythmia, in which changes in heart rate may even disappear spontaneously, and may be easily controlled with medications indicated by the physician and regular physical ac

The postoperative period of cardiac surgery consists of resting, preferably in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in the first 48 hours after the procedure. This is because in the ICU there are all the equipment that can be used to monitor the patient in this initial phase, in which there are greater chances of electrolytic disturbances, such as sodium and potassium, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, which is an emergency situation in which the heart stops beating or starts beating slowly, which can lead to death

Heart transplantation consists of replacing the heart with another, from an individual who is brain-dead and compatible with that of the patient who has a potentially fatal heart problem. In this way, the surgery is only done in cases of serious cardiac diseases and that endanger the life of the patient and is performed in the hospital, requiring hospitalization for 1 month and care after discharge so that organ rejection does not occur

One of the main tips for managing high blood pressure is to decrease salt intake because salt is high in sodium, a mineral that, while essential for life, when consumed in excess causes blood pressure to rise, raising the risk of cardiovascular problems such as stroke or heart attack. In addition, it is still very important to maintain an adequate intake of water, with about 2 liters per day, and to practice physical exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, being able to opt for lighter activities such as walking or swimming, for example

Dressler's syndrome is a heart complication that occurs around 3 to 4 weeks after a heart attack. It is characterized by inflammation in the tissue surrounding the heart and may also affect the tissue that covers the lungs. This complication can also lead to the accumulation of fluid in the lung, called a pleural effusion

Brugada syndrome is a rare and hereditary heart disease characterized by changes in heart activity that can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fainting and difficulty breathing, and cause sudden death in the most severe cases. This syndrome is more common in men and can happen at any time in life. Brugada syndrome has no cure, however it can be treated according to severity and usually involves the implantation of a cardiodesfibrillator, which is a device responsible for monitoring and correcting heart beats when there is sudden death, for example

Sinus bradycardia is a condition in which the heart starts beating less frequently than normal during rest. In bradycardia, the heart beats at less than 50 beats per minute, while the normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Usually, sinus bradycardia has no symptoms. However, as there is a decrease in the flow of oxygen to the heart, the person may feel tired, weak and have episodes of dizziness

Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart loses its ability to pump blood in an adequate amount to the organs, causing a marked decrease in blood pressure, lack of oxygen in the tissues, and accumulation of fluid in the lungs. This type of shock is one of the major complications of acute myocardial infarction and if not treated urgently can lead to death in almost 50% of cases